Federated Learning for Multi-Center Imaging Studies (PPMI/ADNI)

In large-scale neuroimaging initiatives like PPMI and ADNI, data is collected across multiple sites, but direct pooling is often limited, or entirely hindered, by local IRB restrictions, regulatory constraints, and site-specific data sharing policies. Additionally, many sites lack the computing infrastructure or technical expertise to host or train centralized models on large-scale MRI/PET datasets.

Federated learning (FL) offers a powerful alternative: instead of moving sensitive imaging and clinical data, the model is sent to the data. Each site runs the analysis locally and returns model updates (not raw data) to a central server for aggregation and downstream analysis, ensuring that no raw data ever leaves the site.

This approach enables:

  • Cross-center collaboration without violating data governance or patient privacy laws
  • Scalable model training, even with limited local computational resources
  • Robustness to scanner and protocol variability across sites
  • Discovery of generalizable neuroimaging biomarkers for PD, AD, and other neurodegenerative diseases

Toolkits like Flower, Fed-BioMed, and MONAI FL provide robust frameworks to deploy FL in realistic, multi-site research settings not just in neuroscience and biomedicine, but across other domains where privacy and decentralization are key.

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